Archaeologial Time Line

TIMELINE

Geologic Time:
Arohean 3.96 billion-2.5 billion yrs ago
Proterozoic 2.5 billion-540 million yrs ago
Cambrian 540-505 million yrs ago
Ordovician 505-438 million yrs ago
Silurian 438-408 million yrs ago
Devonian 408-360 million yrs ago
Carboniferous 360-286 million yrs ago
Permian 286-245 million yrs ago
Triassic era 245-208 million yrs ago
Jurassic era 208-144 million yrs ago
Cretaceous 144-66.4 million years ago

Paleolithic <10,000 years ago

Mesolithic >10,000 BP - 6,000 BC

Last Ice Age: Maximum extent about 20,000 BP
Ended approximately 6,000 BP Era

Cenozoic – beginning of Tertiary until now. 65 million years ago until now. The most recent of the geologic periods

Neolithic (new stone age) 6,000 BC-1,800 BC
5,500 B.C. LBK People, first farmers in Europe, linear band ceramics
3,100 B.C. Stonehenge first phase began
2,500 B.C. Beaker culture (2,900 B.C. - 2,000 B.C.)


Giza Pyramids 2,500 B.C. 4th Dynasty Egypt

Queen Nefertiti wife of Pharaoh Akhenaton (b. 1380 – d. 1362 BC) mother-in-law of Tutankamen

Tutankamen (ca. 1340 B.C. – d. 1323 B.C.)

Bronze Age 1,800 B.C. -

Olmec in Mexico 1,500 B.C. - 900 B.C.

Maya originated Yucatan about 2,600 BC. Classical period AD 200 – AD 900
Integrated into Toltec society by AD 1,200

Iron Age ca 700 B.C. - In UK 300 BC
Hallstatt culture
Celts 2,000 B.C. - 100 B.C.
Etruscans 700 B.C. - 500 B.C.

12th - 13th century BC Trojan War

Classical period 8th century BC - 2nd century AD

Homer (sometime between 1200 and 700 BC)

Olympic games founded in Greece 776 BC

Ishtar Gate & the Processional Way, Babylon 635 BC – 600 BC

Parthenon on Acropolis in Athens completed 433 BC

Pergamon peak 283 BC - 133 BC

Roman Republic 500 BC - 31 BC
Socrates 469 BC - 399 BC
Plato 427 BC - 347 BC
Aristotle born – 384 B.C.
Alexander III (the Great) Macedonia 356 BC - 323 BC
Lysimachos, King of Thrace 309 BC - 281 BC
Julius Caesar 100 BC - 44 BC
Cicero 106 BC
Virgil 70 BC - 19 BC

Augustus’ victory over Cleopatra and Antony at Actium - 31 BC

Anasazi Indian culture 100 AD –
Basket Maker period 100-500
Modified Basket Maker period 500 - 700
Developmental Pueblo period 700 - 1050
Classic Pueblo 1050 – 1300 (time of the great cliff houses)
Cliff dwellings abandoned from 1276 to 1299
Regressive Pueblo 1300 – 1700
1598 Official Spanish occupancy
Modern Pueblo 1700 to present

Gila Cliff Dwellings inhabited from AD 100 to 1300


Roman Empire 31 BC - ca 500 AD
Augustus Ruled 27 B.C. – 14 A.D. (b. 14 BC – d. 63 AD)
Nero (37 AD - 68 AD)
Vespasian 69 - 79
Mount Vesuvius destroys Pompeii & Herculaneum AD 79
Trajan 98 - 117
Hadrian 117 - 138
Antonius Pius 138-
Marcus Aurelius 161 - 180
Caracalla 198 - 217 (b. 176 - d. 217)
Gordian III 238 - 244
Constantine I 312 - 337 Constantine the Great
Honorius 395 - 423

After 5th century AD East Roman Byzantine Empire

Dark Ages 476 - 800

Merovingian Dynasty (Frankish dynasty) 476 – 750 1st race of French Kings

Caroliginian 750 - 1,000

Charlemagne (b. 742 or 747 in Herstal, Liege, Belgium– d. 28 Jan 814)

Charlemagne reign as King of Franks 768 - 814

Barbarosa Chandelier put in Aachen cathedral 1168
(In 1165 Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa had his remote predecessor canonized)

Genghis Khan (b. 1155 – d. 1227)

Kublai Khan (b. 1215 – d. 1294) grandson of Genghis Khan

Marco Polo (b. 1254 – d. 1324)

Ming Dynasty China 1368 to 1644

Great wall of China begun 1368

Medieval (Middle Ages) ca 12th 13th 14th 15th centuries

Aztecs in Mexico 1325 – 1521 Settled Lake Texoco 1325

Cortez arrives in new world Mexico 1519

Inca Empire (shortlived) 1438 - 1532

Ming Dynasty China 1368 - 1644

Black Death Plague in Europe 1347 - 1352

Renaissance cultural rebirth in Europe 14th - mid 17th centuries

Gutenberg (Born Mainz 1390s – d. 3 Feb 1468)

Leonardo da Vinci (b. 1452 – d. 1519)

Erasmus (b. 28 Oct 1466 – d. 12 Jul 1536)

Michelangelo (b. 1475 – d. 1564)

Columbus sails to America 1492

1520 - 1521 Hernán Cortés, along with some Native American allies, conquered the mighty Aztec empire, thus bringing present day Mexico under the dominion of the Spanish empire

King Henry VIII England (b. 1509 – d. 1547)

Sinking of the Mary Rose, King Henry VIII’s flagship in action against the French off Portsmouth 1545

The first Europeans in all probability were Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and his three companions, survivors of an unsuccessful Spanish expedition to Florida, who passed through the El Paso area in 1535 or 1536, although their exact route is debated by historians. Several years later, in 1540-42, an expedition under Francisco Vázquez de Coronadoqv explored an enormous amount of territory now known as the American Southwest.

The first party of Spaniards that certainly saw the Pass of the North was the Rodríguez-Sánchez expeditionqv of 1581

Mary Stuart (Mary Queen of Scots and also Queen of France) (b. 8 Dec 1542 – d. 8 Feb 1587)

Elizabethian Age 1558 – 1603

Galileo Galilei (b. 15 Feb 1564 – d. 8 Jan 1642) Born in Pisa, buried in Florence. 1609 improved the telescope to 32x magnification and made it usable in astronomy

1598 - The Juan de Oñate expedition celebrated the first Thanksgiving on United States' soil. Don Juan de Oñate was one of the earliest Spanish conquistadors to enter what is now North America. He led his men through the mountains and named this pass "El Paso del Norte."

Historic colonizing expedition under Juan de Oñate, who, on April 30, 1598, in a ceremony at a site near that of present San Elizario, took formal possession of the entire territory drained by the Río del Norte (the Rio Grande). This act, called La Toma, or "the claiming," brought Spanish civilization to the Pass of the North and laid the foundations of more than two centuries of Spanish rule over a vast area.

Francis Bacon (b. London 22 Jan 1561 - d. 9 April 1626) Scientific method

Baroque Period 17th century (1600s)

Rembrandt van Rijn (b. 15 Jul 1606 – d. 4 Oct 1669)

Pilgrims go to America on Mayflower 1620

In the late 1650s Fray García founded the mission of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe on the south bank of the Rio Grande; it still stands in downtown Ciudad Juárez. Construction was finished in 1668.

El Paso del Norte (the present day Ciudad Juárez), was founded on the south bank of the Río Bravo del Norte, (Rio Grande) in 1659

David Teniers the younger (b. 1610 – d. 1690)

Mozart (b. 1756 – d. 1791)

Industrial Revolution 1760 - 1840

American Revolution 1776

French Revolution 1789

Alamo, battle of February 1836

Napoleon III (Bonaparte) France (b. 1808 – d. 1873)

Victorian Age 1837 - 1901

High Victorian 1890

1845 - El Paso officially became part of the United States when Texas joined the Union in 1845

The Mexican War of 1846 legally confirmed the Rio Grande as the international boundary through the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. During the war, American forces defeated the Mexican army at the Battle of Brazito.

Kerosene developed 1859

American Civil War 1861-1865

Debussy, Claude (b. 11 Aug 1862 – d. 25 Mar 1918)

Kosmos round oil burner patented by Wild & Wessel in Berlin 1865

Double flat wick oil burner patented by Hinks in England 1865

1865 – 1891 Ft Selden (at Radium Springs). Buffalo soldiers, Jornada del Muerto

1866 Ft Bayard, NM

1863 - 1884 Ft Cummings near Cooke’s Peak

1873 - El Paso was originally known as Franklin. It was incorporated in 1873 and encompassed the small area communities that had developed along the river (Magoffinsville, Concordia, Hart's Mill).

1881 - In 1881 the railroad arrived to El Paso, Texas. Business expanded rapidly, and today's modern city developed.

Picasso, Pablo (b. 25 Oct 1881 – d. 8 Apr 1973)

Prime Meridian moved from Paris to London 1884

Miro’, Joan (Juan) (b. 20 Apr 1893 – d. 25 Dec 1983)

Magritte, Rene’ (b. 21 Nov 1898 – d. 15 Aug 1967)

Edwardian Age 1901 - 1910

Bakelite 1904

Titanic sinks 14-15 April 1912 maiden voyage Southampton to New York

Stainless Steel 1913

The Mexican-Revolution of 1910 - 1920 greatly affected the border towns of Juárez and El Paso. Many Mexican residents fled to the north in order to avoid the fighting.

Pancho Villa raided Columbus, New Mexico in 1916 resulting in John J. Pershing's Expedition into Mexico to catch Villa.

WW I 1914 – 1918

Penicillin 1928/1940

Spanish Civil War 1936 - 1939

WW II 1939 – 1945

Korean War 1950 - 1953

Reign of Queen Elizabeth II England 1952 -

French Indochina War 1946 - 1954

1961 Berlin wall erected by East German communist government

Vietnam War America 1955 – 1975

Kennedy assassinated Nov 22, 1963

1989 Berlin wall taken down. Peaceful Revolution: 11-9

1990 Reunification of Germany

1995 Breakup of USSR

NY Twin Towers Sep 11, 2001: 9-11